Long-term survival of salmon-attached SARS-CoV-2 at 4 degree as a potential source of transmission in seafood markets (preprint)

Several outbreaks of COVID-19 were associated with seafood markets, raising concerns that fish-attached SARS-CoV-2 may exhibit prolonged survival in low-temperature environments. Here we showed that salmon-attached SARS-CoV-2 at 4oC could remain infectious for more than one week, suggesting that fish-attached SARS-CoV-2 may be a source of transmission.

Berbamine inhibits the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and flaviviruses by compromising TPRMLs-mediated endolysosomal trafficking of viral receptors (preprint)

Positive-sense single-stranded ((+)ss) RNA viruses are among the leading causes of human and animal infectious diseases in the world, but so far, no effective antiviral agents are available to treat these infections. Here we found that several bis- benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (e.g. berbamine), potently inhibited the infection of coronaviruses (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV), flaviviruses (e.g. JEV, ZIKV and DENV), and enteroviruses (e.g. EV-A71) in host cells. Moreover, berbamine protected mice from lethal challenge of JEV. We also found that berbamine inhibited TRPMLs (Ca2+ permeable non-selective cation channels in endosomes and lysosomes), which compromised the endolysosomal trafficking of viral receptors, such as ACE2 and DPP4. This led to the increased secretion of these receptors via extracellular vesicles and the concomitant decrease in their levels at the plasma membrane, thereby preventing (+)ss RNA viruses from entering the host cells. In summary, these results indicate that bis- benzylisoquinoline alkaloids such as berbamine, can act as a pan-anti-(+)ss RNA virus drug by inhibiting TPRMLs to prevent viral entry.